51 - Intermediate English -- Is she my **older** sister or my **oldest** sister? Hablamos de cómo comparar las edades de personas y también de objetos

[00:00:00] Welcome to the No Te Rindas Intermediate English Podcast, home of the tenas Intermediate English Am, disponible en noterrindaspodcast.hs Este es un podcast para hispanohablantes que quieren mejorar su comprensión auditiva del inglés de los Estados Unidos

[00:00:19] Son los dos hermanos americanos con raíces me y camas Soy Gabo, Ogeib, aquí con mi hermano mayor goyo, Greg Good morning Morning Well, Gabo, los big news en el mundo de la week es que Odysseus, la first American moon device, to land on the moon in 50 years

[00:00:42] made it to the moon in an unmanned landing Have you heard about it? Yes, I've heard a little bit about it. And I heard there was unibo, a hiccup, as we would say When it landed, didn't something happen Yes, I think this is just so painful

[00:01:03] Odysseus traveled like 240,000 miles between the earth and the moon or 400 km No, 400 mm Isecayo, secayo, seatea reso en su lado Fél, en el side y así, es 99.999999% de ahí Oh, bueno Congratulations What's our topic about today, Gabe? Today we are going to talk about older versus oldest

[00:01:45] and we're going to talk about things related to comparison as far as age So before we do that, we're going to go over four vocabulary words that we're going to use in some of the examples that we give. So the first is the English word

[00:02:02] Shriveled, which are spelled S-H-R-I-V-E-L-E-D, Shriveled and Shriveled S-Arrugada, Arrugada Then we're going to talk about someone who is bossy If you are bossy, it is mndon We're going to talk about a nephew, a nephew is a sobredino Sobredina, and English, is a niece

[00:02:29] That's very confusing but nephew is a sobredino And then lastly we're going to talk about a cane and this would be a cane that someone walks with to help them keep their balance or keep from falling and a walking cane in this sense would be un bastón

[00:02:47] So I suppose the lender that Odysseus that landed on the moon could have used a bastón He's a cane, right? He's a coyote Si te gusta escuchar nuestros episodios y si usas Android, ¿qué es bajar nuestra app? Tenás, entre mirir English, gratis. Te gogo poní.

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[00:03:33] All right, vamos a empezar con Old versus older versus oldest Old older Oldest Oldest So we assume that you have heard all of these words Old older and oldest but you may want to hear them again because it is a sort of an unusual construct in English.

[00:04:02] Yes, okay, let's say that I have just pulled three pinias pineapples out of the fridge and I'm going to call them pineapples A B N C Okay, so you've got three different pineapples that you took out of the refrigerator. That's right, okay, so this pineapple A

[00:04:27] is not yet old. It's not very old because my wife just bought it. A cabote compradula yesterday Okay, so it's a fresh pineapple. It's not old exactly Now this one, the smaller one Pineapple B is older It's older than this first one or Myor, okay La Primeta

[00:04:56] Okay, so this pineapple B is older than pineapple A and let me see It does look like it's a little bit softer and I see that it's it leans over a little bit Say, Está inclinada That's right, and then finally Pineapple C Is this shriveled? Is shriveled pineapple

[00:05:20] Estapinia arrogada and gave it's about 25 days old I'm not sure why we still have this pineapple in my house because it is the oldest one It's the oldest pineapple that I have Está en Myor It's probably you know, too old to eat

[00:05:41] Okay, so we'd say that it's a it's too ripe All right, so we sometimes might say it's gone bad or spoiled and that it's it's no longer fresh And it's not suitable for eating That's right, so just to reference Carla Memoria

[00:06:00] Where is in Spanish you have Myor, okay? And S. El Mayor o S. La Mayor Aembló El Orpignano, Esticaso In English we have older and for the superlative superlative We have oldest oldest and I noticed that students need help with that EST on the end

[00:06:28] So say that with me, say it after I say it Old desh Old desh Very good So let's talk a little bit more about the word Old desh Old desh My oldest She's my oldest, he's my oldest This means your child with the most years your oldest child

[00:06:54] How about an example, okay? Oh, okay, so we might say My oldest is headed off to college this weekend I'm so sad How is your oldest doing Craig? Oh, he's fine He's working at UPS, loading boxes onto the trucks And he is also going to school

[00:07:18] I would say that in the case of my oldest His health is good and we are very grateful for that Okay, so Oldest, my oldest or your oldest is generally going to be referring to your oldest child If you're comparing two people Use older not Oldest

[00:07:43] So according to more Traditional English grammar It is correct to say I have two nephews So what he knows, I have two nephews The older one is in high school And the younger one is in elementary school That's right, so in our example my oldest going to college

[00:08:06] My oldest working at UPS Technically in English grammar Gabriel and I have three children or more each Because oldest sugiete La presencia de tres o más In el Grupo However Regular English speakers just in the street They will say my oldest or the oldest

[00:08:31] When they're only two people Here's an example You know, she's my oldest child So you know, she's a bit bossy Her sister is only 14 and you know, she's the baby so she bosses around the baby All right, so that was my oldest Older oldest And older versus younger

[00:09:01] Next we're going to talk about Elder Elder Ele de Ere So Elder has two meanings One is a title Which we're going to talk about the second but first We usually use this very similar to how we say older And we can say el dist

[00:09:24] Like we say oldest It's a comparison It's a comparison between two individuals And it's just a bit of an older Way of referring to the same thing The youngest generation I imagine they're not using the word elder For older or eldest for oldest But certainly the generation

[00:09:53] That go yo and I are in and above still still use it So for example, you might say She is the elder of my two children Or the elder of my two ants has already passed away So she's the elder of my two children

[00:10:15] What means she's the older one of the two And the elder of my two ants Has already passed away would assume I have two ants but the older of the two I'll find a seethel So you have a mother and three sisters In your family

[00:10:37] You have three ants growing up and a mother Would you refer to ant Joe When she was alive as the eldest ants or The oldest ant or would you refer to Your mother as being elder than Mitzi or older than Mitzi?

[00:10:55] How would you have used elder versus older with your own Clan there, Gabe? I probably growing up would have used the word older rather than elder It is not as common and it sort of sounds more formal or more

[00:11:11] I don't know we might say still to say elder versus older It sounds a little bit fancy doesn't it say elder? So I would have said she is my oldest ant if I was talking about ant Joe Okay Another use of elder Elder

[00:11:30] Is a title in certain churches and certain denominations Protestantism so If you're listening to this you're probably Catholic And in Catholicism in English they don't have elders But in for example Presbyterian churches Or Methodist churches they have two types of what are called lay officers or Officials who

[00:11:58] Work the business of the church who are not hired by the church It won't work for the church and the more senior The job with maybe more responsibility is often called an elder Los Mormones, C Seusan, Estetito, Lo también, Pero para Para Machos Inuchavesis son jóvenes

[00:12:20] Mormons also in the word elder It's just I think that they start calling them elder at like 19 which is not older all So indeed So then we talk about if we talk about eldest Eldest is always going to be used to refer to people

[00:12:40] We wouldn't say this is my eldest pineapple So it's a strange thing but if you do hear eldest or if you use eldest It should be used only with people so oldest can refer to both people and things So for example you could say

[00:13:03] Conor is the eldest of nine children Conor is the eldest of nine children, so he's the oldest one out of the nine But I could also say our eldest Brittany is married But the rest of our kids are single So our eldest Brittany is married

[00:13:23] But the rest of our kids are single so only our oldest child in this case is married And as Gabe mentioned You would not use eldest you would not use eldest for a thing just for a person So for example

[00:13:42] That is the oldest light bulb in the world That's never been turned off It's at a fire station in Livermore, California since 1901 the oldest light bulb that's still working is in California and one would never hear the eldest Or for example, that's the oldest computer. I've ever seen

[00:14:10] I can't believe it doesn't have a virus I can't believe that it's still functions. That's that's crazy. So old But those two things were not people right so we can then say

[00:14:22] His oldest child is in law school or we can say his eldest child is in law school either one of those is perfectly fine for people His eldest child is in law school, but his youngest son has no interest in academics

[00:14:43] All right our next topic is a little bit about our culture and that is that the word old Unlike say Korean culture or Japanese culture it has a negative connotation so we I don't know if the word lies appropriate here gay, we

[00:15:03] We manipulate the situation in our favor by saying that someone is older and not old And it sounds more respectful or kind or sensitive to say someone is older than old in fact, Bon Jovi If you know who that is, Bon Jovi wrote a song

[00:15:22] You know 15 years ago or more now where he said he was not old He was just older I'm not old just older right like that so It's a way for us to forgive ourselves for the inevitable truth that we are

[00:15:40] What's called getting older. That's another expression which is like in the he said we are getting older gay Right, so older sounds better than old in English It's older doesn't sound as negative for some reason. So I could say He's an older man

[00:16:02] So he doesn't use Instagram. He prefers Facebook Yeah my students laugh about Facebook. That's for old people and game they don't say that's for older people They just say these are 12 year olds He was children Second mess for old people. That's for old people

[00:16:22] And then I throw my cane in them So another way I could say this is I find that as I get older as I get older I have less patience. I have less patience as I get older

[00:16:40] Well, let's look at a scenario where we're talking about describing someone as an old man versus an older man So when we use these this way if you're describing someone as an older man and you're not necessarily trying to be polite You're just trying to be descriptive

[00:17:01] An older man is someone who is not young But they're also not extremely old either Whereas usually if we say that someone was an old man We perceive them as In the latter later stages of their life. They're getting very old in latarzera adat

[00:17:24] Okay, so in this scenario The police I'll play a policeman are asking Greg about something that happened like a crime That happened, all right? So The policeman will ask what car here

[00:17:44] And you say that the man pushed you and you fell and hit your head on that chair Okay, let me write that down What did the man what did the man look like?

[00:18:01] Well, you know he was um, he was older. He was older. He had salt and pepper hair And he had on a blue sweater blue sweater So when I say that he was older That doesn't mean that he was old if I'm describing him to a policeman

[00:18:25] older probably would never mean 70s 80s 90s and Additionally, I describe him as having salt and pepper hair Como las aliliapimienta en la mesa no salt and pepper hair means that he has pelocanoso y pelo moreno Mesclados

[00:18:48] All right, so that was he's older. He's older. So maybe still gave physically intimidating, right? Still strong because he's not elderly. And he's not old. He's just older So he's probably still a threat to me as you know, he pushed me down. He was physical with me

[00:19:06] The rascal right so he might he might be like you and be in his 50s Shut up All right, so now in this scenario it's very similar Something has happened to Greg and the policemen Is asking Greg about it so

[00:19:24] He's got his note pad out ready to write any says And You say that the man began shouting at you in the park about disturbing his pigeons How would you describe him? Well, you know, he was old. He was an old man. He had white hair and

[00:19:49] He was walking with a cane And You know, he just got so angry. He was just shouting at me like you know like I had done something terrible Shouting is not a crime Why did you call the police

[00:20:06] Well, he got so angry. He he he left in a big hurry and Well, he left behind his cane here and His reading glasses and and also these false teeth I need to turn them into somebody so that they can be returned to him Western, West is hard

[00:20:29] So here because he said he was old. He was an old man We would know that he meant the man was in the Latter stages of his life the La Cacera y de That and he was likely over the age of 70 He was an old man

[00:20:49] Yes, and although it's rather Subjective it's rather hilarious to listen to children talk about old age Because my students are 12 and they think that a 30-year-old or a 25-year-old is an old man They have no idea

[00:21:06] The difference between older and old is so that's something that we learn after that age But In a 30-year-old is old-gave than you know, you and I are in big trouble. We are truly elderly Here's another example of the word older

[00:21:30] You know, Gabe is I get older. I find that children make fun of me more often at the bus stop The call me boomer And her insults at me About my clothes and my shoes and you know, I'm not a boomer. I'm gen X

[00:21:47] So we're not sure if this translates into Spanish well, but a boomer is someone born after World War II someone born You know, 1945 1947 1950 and you know, that's a person who is older than I am But I still get called a boomer sometimes as do I

[00:22:15] Now, then we have some phrases just some idiomatic phrases that we use Pretty frequently and they can be a bit confusing to people who are not native English speakers. So for example, we use the phrase my old man and my old lady or we might say

[00:22:38] His old man and his old lady But they mean two different things If you talk about my old lady that is slang that is used for My wife or my girlfriend so if I said His old lady Doesn't like him staying out late

[00:23:00] We would know the person speaking meant his wife or girlfriend doesn't like him staying out late But on the other hand my old man Almost always refers to somebody's father not their husband or boyfriend So if we said Marianne's old man

[00:23:21] Doesn't like her to write in the car with boys That would not mean Her husband it would mean her father so if you say my old man You're usually talking about your father if you say my old lady You're usually talking about your wife or girlfriend Hey, Gabe

[00:23:45] No, I've I've needed to have some conversations with Anita at work Yeah, yeah, and You know my old lady would be mad If she knew that I was talking to Anita That would not go over well Oh, yeah, you guys

[00:24:02] used to see each other before you got married. I remember that you and Anita No, no, no, but that's a lie. I never happened So different Anita that's a different Anita So we could try one with my old man talking about our father

[00:24:22] My old man used to love to watch football He would shout at the television and scare the cat And orientas, this is Esmoise, Erdoja Contalmente, La Neta Our old man did shout at the TV

[00:24:42] During football games and it I mean it shook the house, you know the house rocked And unfortunately both Gabe and I learned this from him And I've never talked to you about this Gabe, but you know watching football In with my current family right my wife and children

[00:25:03] You know, I've had to learn Okay, you can't shout during football like our dad, you know our old man used to shout Yes, it's a it can make other people jump in the room. It used to make me jump For sure, so that's old man old lady Let's

[00:25:25] Move on now to We're gonna go to Spanish now and come back to English because we've been going from English into Spanish And it's just such a common expression the one we've used in Spanish La de Tearcerada So there's no such thing in English as the third age

[00:25:46] So that does not translate well So here are some things that you could say about Latarcerada y de la en English First of all old age Old age is a is a way to say Latarcerada y de la en Latarcerada

[00:26:02] The elderly are often used as a way to say that group of people. Oh well the elderly Vote heavily in the state of Florida or something like that the elderly vote in Florida is a group of people And then you're going to hear Golden years your golden years

[00:26:22] Which I'm looking forward to by the way. I want to have golden years. I'm getting closer and closer So these are the years after retirement. This was de la agruedación Los asano y los Yeah, okay, Los años de los So uh, Bill and Fran

[00:26:43] Lived out their golden years in southern California or Bill and Fran spent their golden years In Arizona Those would be examples of golden years But you would never say golden years Associated with work golden years implies two things one year old

[00:27:06] Your elderly but two your your retired right you're not working So for example George spent his golden years game Working part time at a non-profit doesn't That doesn't sound good in English Hmm

[00:27:25] Yeah, that's true because we would we would assume that he he wasn't working at all if he was in his golden years That's right and that's because Work is a well, it's no fun

[00:27:38] Right, it's more fun not to work than to work for most of the time at least in your golden years it is It is Seth when you're when you're that age you don't want to work because you're old and tired. That's right

[00:27:52] And as I mentioned I'm getting closer and closer to that Time for our quiz Okay, so Kevin El Cococo Oye What is sticking in your brain? What sticks in your brain today? Question number one If Gabe says that he saw his friend Charlie

[00:28:17] And also Charlie's girlfriend with Charlie at the bowling alley He may say hey Greg. I saw Charlie bowling with his A his old woman B his old lady or see His old sheet of music So I see Charlie and Charlie's girlfriend and they're bowling at the bowling alley

[00:28:48] would say I wouldn't say I saw Charlie bowling with his old woman We don't we don't say that that would sound strange and certainly We wouldn't call a woman an old sheet of music Um, so I would say it's B. I saw Charlie bowling with his old lady

[00:29:09] That is correct 1 for 1 number 2 Which would be the most respectful way to say that someone is old or getting old? A Sarah is an old woman She has a lot of life experience B Sarah is an elder woman Elder woman

[00:29:35] She has a lot of life experience to offer Gabriel or see Sarah is an older woman She has a lot of life experience The most respectful way To say that No matter how old she was if she if she was old

[00:29:59] I think if we said we certainly if she could hear us And we said Sarah is an old woman She might find that offensive and nobody says that Would say that someone is an elder woman

[00:30:12] That's not not how we use the word elder for some reason. It's not interchangeable with older every time So I'm going to say that it should be C Sarah is an older woman That's the most respectful way to say that she's old You are correct, Sarah well done

[00:30:32] All right, I'll give you one but it's going to be much more challenging than the first two I'm waiting Okay, listen carefully Let's say that I have three jars of pickles Los pepinios Okay, I have three Harras de pepinios In the cabinet right la la la sana

[00:30:57] So one jar is one day old Another jar of the pickles is one month old And the third jar is six months old

[00:31:11] Okay, so we got one jar that's one day old another jar of pickles that is one month old and a third jar that's six months old How would I describe that third jar of pickles The one that is six months old what I say

[00:31:27] A it's the oldest jar of pickles B it's the older jar of pickles Or C it's the eldest jar of pickles Okay, so I have a jar that's one day old greenew Right when this one month That one that's like half a year old

[00:31:53] Okay, so the one that's that's six months old the one that's half a year old I would describe As the oldest jar of pickles because it's not older. There's not two of them And it's not eldest because it's not a person pickles Pickles are not people, okay?

[00:32:13] It's the oldest jar of pickles You couldn't be more correct go your good job What are they? All right, I want to thank our patrons If you would like to be a patron with masona of this podcast Please visit www.patrion.com Diagonal no teorinas podcast

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[00:33:57] So you can become more familiar with the vocabulary They're there waiting for you Gabe, you're going to your mother's today is that right Yes, so I just wanted to tell you that when you get in your car You drive all the way to your mother's house

[00:34:16] That when you step into the front door, make sure that you don't fall over on your side Like the Odysseus lunar lander did this week Get there the whole way safely please bro. Okay. I will bring a cane

[00:34:35] All right well, I love you. Good talking to you. I love you. Uh talk to you next week. Okay. Bye. Bye